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Peter F. Carls

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Peter F. Carls[1] (born 1954) is a German Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon and academic. He is a Fellow in Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and holds the title Privatdozent (PD) in medicine and dentistry in Switzerland.

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Early Life and Education

Carls was born in West Germany in 1954. He completed his primary education and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1974. Following this, he served in the German Navy from 1974 to 1975.

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Dental Training

From 1976 to 1980, he trained as a dental technician. Concurrently, he attended dental schools at the Universities of Erlangen, Freiburg, and Berlin between 1978 and 1984, ultimately earning a Doctoral Degree in Dentistry in 1984.

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Medical Training and Specialization

Between 1981 and 1987, he undertook medical studies at institutions in Freiburg, Berlin, and Homburg (Germany), Zurich (Switzerland), Oxford (United Kingdom), and New York (United States). He received his medical degree (MD) in 1987.

From 1987 to 1997, Carls was affiliated with the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery at University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland under Hugo Obwegeser and Hermann F. Sailer. He initially served as a Specialist Registrar before being promoted to Senior Physician and Lecturer at the University of Zurich.

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In 1994, he was appointed Research Clinical Fellow under the renowned Craniofacial and Reconstructive Surgeon Ian T. Jackson in Southfield, Michigan, United States.

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In 1996, Carls earned a PhD from the University of Zurich for his habilitation research, focusing on distraction osteogenesis in Cranio-maxillofacial surgery.

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Academic and Clinical Career

Carls has maintained an active academic and clinical career alongside his medical research. He has authored and co-authored over 40 peer-reviewed research papers while continuing to practice as a Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon. From 1997 to 2003, he held the position of Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford and served concurrently as a Senior Clinical Lecturer at the University of Oxford. From 1997 to 2020, he was also affiliated with the Oxford University Craniofacial Surgery Clinic in the same capacity.

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Private Practice

From 1998 onwards he opened his Private Practice in Oxford, UK and from 2005 also in Lugano, Switzerland, while also following several important research activities in Oxford, Zurich, Lugano, Bologna and Paris.

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Art Historical Research and Areas of Interest

Carls studied History of Art and Classical Archaeology at the Universities of Erlangen and Freiburg, later completing advanced coursework in Art History in Italy and the United States. His academic work focuses on both Italian Renaissance and Chinese art. He has attended scholarly conferences hosted by institutions such as the Louvre, the Albertina, the National Gallery, and the British Museum.

His research in Western art primarily concerns the Italian Renaissance, with particular emphasis on the draftsmanship of Michelangelo and Raphael. He has also examined the late works of Rembrandt, the watercolor techniques of Paul Cézanne, and the abstract compositions of Paul Klee, along with broader interests in Pablo Picasso, French Impressionism, German Expressionism, and American Abstract Expressionism.

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In the field of Chinese art, Carls has concentrated on Neolithic cultures—especially the Liangzhu civilization—as well as Shang dynasty bronzes and ceramics from the Tang and Song dynasties. Since 2018, he has focused on the work of Zao Wou-Ki (Zhao Wuji), a Chinese-French painter recognized for synthesizing Eastern and Western artistic traditions.

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Publications

* Carls PF, Bernasconi M, Carinci F, Lawrence M, Lambrecht JT. The use of autologous bone for augmentation procedures leads to low prevalence of peri-implantitis: a retrospective study over a 20-year period[2]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2023 Feb;51(2):130–138.

* Desbiolles A, Carls F, Dube S, Hirsig J. Painful pronation—a diagnostic pitfall in septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the elbow in infancy[3]. Z Kinderchir. 1987 Jun;42(3):187–189. German.

* Carls F, Roth P, Sailer HF. Long-term results following orbital floor reconstruction with homologous bone-cartilage implants in midfacial fractures[4]. Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1991;36:212–214. German.

* Carls FR, Sailer HF. Mandibular sandwich technique build-up with lyophilized cartilage[5]. Swiss Dent. 1992;13(4):27–28, 30–33. German.

* Carls FR, Schuknecht B, Sailer HF. Orbital volumetry as a planning principle for reconstruction of the orbital wall.[6] Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1994;39:23–27. German.

* Carls FR, Schuknecht B, Sailer HF. Value of three-dimensional computed tomography in craniomaxillofacial surgery.[7] J Craniofac Surg. 1994 Nov;5(5):282–288.

* Locher MC, Carls FR, Pajarola GF. Severe complications after surgical removal of wisdom teeth.[8] Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1995;40:123–128. Review. German.

* Carls FR, von Hochstetter A, Makek M, Engelke W. Diagnostic accuracy of TMJ arthroscopy in correlation to histological findings[9]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1995 Apr;23(2):75–80.

* Carls FR, von Hochstetter A, Engelke W, Sailer HF. Loose bodies in the temporomandibular joint: the advantages of arthroscopy. J Craniomaxillofac Surg[10]. 1995 Aug;23(4):215–221.

* Sharma RK, Kobayashi K, Jackson IT, Carls FR. Vascular anatomy of the galeal occipitalis flap: a cadaver study. Plast Reconstr Surg[11]. 1996 Jan;97(1):25–31; discussion 32.

* Carls FR, Pajarola G, Sailer HF. Mandibular fractures due to implant management—incidence, mechanism of injury and therapeutic characteristics[12]. Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1996;41:106–108. German.

* Carls FR, Engelke W, Locher MC, Sailer HF. Complications following arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint: analysis covering a 10-year period (451 arthroscopies)[13]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1996 Feb;24(1):12–15.

* Warnke T, Carls FR, Sailer HF. A new method for assessing the temporomandibular joint quantitatively by dental scan[14]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1996 Jun;24(3):168–172.

* Schuknecht B, Carls F, Valavanis A, Sailer HF. CT assessment of orbital volume in late post-traumatic enophthalmos. Neuroradiology.[15] 1996 Jul;38(5):470–475.

* Carls FR, Josca R, Sailer HF. The measurement of orbital volume in reconstruction of the orbital walls[16]. Minerva Stomatol. 1996 Nov;45(11):493–499. Italian.

* Carls FR, Jackson IT. Autosomal dominant overfolding of the helices[17]. Am J Med Genet. 1996 Nov 11;65(4):359–360. No abstract available.

* Jackson IT, Carls F, Bush K, Topf J, Xiao H, Gowda M, Audet B. Assessment and treatment of facial deformity resulting from radiation to the orbital area in childhood.[18] Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996 Dec;98(7):1169–1179; discussion 1180–1181.

* Schuknecht BF, Carls FR, Valavanis A, Sailer HF. Mandibular osteomyelitis: evaluation and staging in 18 patients, using magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and conventional radiographs.[19] J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1996;24(6):302–306.

* Picard A, Diner PA, Galliani E, Tomat C, Vazquez MR, Carls FP. Five years experience with a new intraoral maxillary distraction device (RID)[20]. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]

* Carinci F, Pezzetti F, Spina AM, Palmieri A, Carls F, et al. An in vitro model for dissecting distraction osteogenesis[21]. J Craniofac Surg. 2005 Jan;16(1):71–78; discussion 78–79.

* Farina A, Wyszynski DF, Pezzetti F, Scapoli L, Martinelli M, Carinci F, Carls F, et al. Classification of oral clefts by affection site and laterality: a genotype-phenotype correlation study. Orthod Craniofac Res[22]. 2002 Aug;5(3):185–191.

* Carls FR, Engelke W, Locher MC, Sailer HF. J Complications following arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint[23]: analysis covering a 10-year period (451 arthroscopies). Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1996 Feb;24(1):12-5.

* Carls F, Bier U, Jackson IT. Mund Kiefer. A method for true nose lengthening[24]. Gesichtschir. 1997 May;1 Suppl 1:S80-2.

* Carls FR, Jackson IT, Topf JS. Distraction osteogenesis for lengthening of the hard palate: [25]Part I. A possible new treatment concept for velopharyngeal incompetence. Experimental study in dogs. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Dec;100(7):1635-47.

* Carls FR, Schüpbach P, Sailer HF, Jackson IT. Distraction osteogenesis for lengthening of the hard palate: Part II[26]. Histological study of the hard and soft palate after distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Dec;100(7):1648-54.

* Carls FR, Jackson IT, Behl AK, Lebeda R, Webster H. Prefabrication of mucosa-lined flaps: a preliminary study in the pig model. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998[27] Apr;101(4):1022-8

* Haers PE, Warnke T, Carls FR, Zollikofer CP, Stucki P, Locher MC, Sailer HF. Mund Kiefer. Preoperative diagnosis of complex craniofacial syndromes[28]. Gesichtschir. 1998 May;2 Suppl 1:S13-5. German.

* Locher MC, Haers PE, Grätz KW, Carls FR, Sailer HF. Mund Kiefer. Fronto-orbital corrections and development of the frontal sinus[29]. Gesichtschir. 1998 May;2 Suppl 1:S29-31. German

* Grätz KW, Locher MC, Carls FR, Haers PE, Sailer HF. Mund Kiefer. Cranial development after corrective skull surgery in craniosynostosis[30]. Gesichtschir. 1998 May;2 Suppl 1:S49-51. German.

* Sailer HF, Grätz KW, Oechslin CK, Locher MC, Haers PE, Carls FR. Mund Kiefer. Occipital correction in scapho- and plagiocephaly[31]. Gesichtschir. 1998 May;2 Suppl 1:S79-80. German.

* Warnke T, Carls FR, Nübler-Moritz M, Sailer HF. Mund Kiefer. A new device for reproducible computerized tomography in improved diagnosis of surgical maxillofacial conditions[32]. Gesichtschir. 1998 May;2 Suppl 1:S135-8. German.

* Locher MC, Sailer HF, Haers PE, Carls FR, Oechslin CK, Grätz KW. J. Development of the frontal sinus following bilateral fronto-orbital osteotomies[33]. Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1998 Jun;26(3):129-35.

* Carls F R, Sailer HF. J. Seven years clinical experience with mandibular distraction in children[34]. Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1998 Aug;26(4):197-208.

* Sailer HF, Haers PE, Zollikofer CP, Warnke T, Carls FR, Stucki P. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. The value of stereolithographic models for preoperative diagnosis of craniofacial deformities and planning of surgical corrections[35]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998 Oct;27(5):327-33.

* Kacl GM, Carls FR, Moll C, Debatin JF. Interactive MR-guided biopsies of maxillary and skull-base lesions in an open-MR system: first clinical results[36]. Eur Radiol. 1999;9(3):487-92.

* Carinci F, Carls FP, Grasso DL, Pelucchi S, Pastore A. J. Schwannoma of the parapharyngeal space.[37] Craniofac Surg. 2000 Jul;11(4):367-70. Review

* Carinci F, Carls FP, Pelucchi S, Grandi E, Hassanipour A, Pastore A. J. Hibernoma of the neck[38]. Craniofac Surg. 2001 May;12(3):284-6. Review.

* Pezzetti F, Scapoli L, Martinelli M, Carinci F, Brunelli G, Carls FP, Palomba F, Gombos F, Carinci P, Tognon M. Ann Hum Genet. Linkage analysis of candidate endothelin pathway genes in nonsyndromic familial orofacial cleft.[39] 2000 Jul;64(Pt 4):341-7.

* Carinci F, Pezzetti F, Scapoli L, Martinelli M, Avantaggiato A, Carinci P, Padula E, Baciliero U, Gombos F, Laino G, Rullo R, Cenzi R, Carls F, Tognon M. J. Recent developments in orofacial cleft genetics.[40] Craniofac Surg. 2003 Mar;14(2):130-43. Review

* Bond SE, Saeed NR, Palka I, Carls FP. Br J. Castleman's disease presenting as a midline neck mass.[41] Plast Surg. 2003 Jan;56(1):62-4.

* Carinci F, Pezzetti F, Locci P, Becchetti E, Carls F, Avantaggiato A, Becchetti A, Carinci P, Baroni T, Bodo M. J. Apert and Crouzon syndromes: clinical findings, genes and extracellular matrix[42]. Craniofac Surg. 2005 May;16(3):361-8. Review.

* Rullo R, Carinci F, Mazzarella N, Festa VM, Farina A, Morano D, Carls F, Gombos F. Delaire's cheilorhinoplasty: unilateral cleft aesthetic outcome scored according to the EUROCLEFT guidelines[43]. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006 Mar;70(3):463-8. Epub 2005 Sep 12.

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